Effect of Different Surface Treatments of Titanium Surfaces on the Shear Bond Strength between Titanium and Zirconia Surfaces

Abstract

The study evaluated the effect of different surface treatments of titanium surfaces on the shear bond strength (SBS) between titanium and zirconia surfaces. This study was separated into 2 parts. In part 1, to evaluate the effect of mechanical surface treatments, 50 titanium disks were divided into 5 groups with different surface treatments (n=10/group): no surface treatment (control group), etched with 37% phosphoric acid (H3PO4), etched with 9% hydrofluoric acid (HF), treated with 50% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sandblasted with 50 µm aluminum oxide. In part 2, to evaluate the effect of mechanico-chemical surface treatments, 50 titanium disks were divided into 5 groups (n=10/group). The specimens were surface treated with sandblasting combined with 4 different chemical surface treatment methods (applied with V-Primer, Alloy Primer, Clearfil Ceramic Primer and Monobond N) and surface treated with only sandblasting as control group. All titanium specimens were bonded to zirconia disks (treated surface by sandblasting and applied with ceramic primer) with resin cement (Panavia V5). All specimens were stored in water (37°c, 24 hrs). SBS was determined after 5,000 thermocycles. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD. In part 1, the result showed that the sandblasted titanium group and treated with 50% H2O2 group exhibited significantly higher SBS than the other groups (P<0.05). In part 2, the SBS were significant increased in the group of surface treated with Monobond N and the group of surface treated with Clearfil ceramic primer. Within the limit of this study, it indicated that both mechanical and chemical surface treatment on the titanium surfaces had a significant influence on the SBS. The combination of mechanical surface treated by sandblasting and chemical surface treated by applying Monobond N or Clearfil Ceramic Primer were the most effective titanium surface treatment method to improved bonding between titanium and zirconia, that may be recommended for clinical guideline of bonding between the zirconia coping and titanium base abutment. Although sandblasting was widely accepted as the most effective method for titanium surface treatment, but from the result of this study, titanium surface treatment with H2O2 might be the promising alternative technique as more simple method with a high shear bond strength value.

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